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Many Persian and Arabic words were incorporated in Punjabi. The Arabic and modern Persian influence in the historical Punjab region began with the late first millennium Muslim conquests on the Indian subcontinent. See also: Persian language in the Indian subcontinent The language of these compositions is morphologically closer to Shauraseni Apbhramsa, though vocabulary and rhythm is surcharged with extreme colloquialism and folklore. The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to Nath Yogi era from 9th to 14th century CE. Punjabi emerged as an Apabhramsha, a degenerated form of Prakrit, in the 7th century CE and became stable by the 10th century. Later in northern India Paishachi Prakrit gave rise to Paishachi Aparbhsha, a descendant of Prakrit. Paishachi Prakrit was one of these Prakrit languages, which was spoken in north and north-western India and Punjabi developed from this Prakrit. All these languages are called Prakrit (Sanskrit: प्राकृत, prākṛta) collectively. Punjabi developed from Prakrit languages and later Apabhraṃśa ( Sanskrit: अपभ्रंश, 'deviated' or 'non-grammatical speech') From 600 BCE, Sanskrit was advocated as official language and Prakrit gave birth to many regional languages in different parts of India. Tilla Jogian, district Jehlum, Punjab, Pakistan a hilltop associated with many Nath jogis (considered among compilers of earlier Punjabi works) One of the five, the Beas River, is a tributary of another, the Sutlej. The historical Punjab region, now divided between India and Pakistan, is defined physiographically by the Indus River and these five tributaries. Panj is cognate with Sanskrit pañca ( पञ्च), Greek pénte ( πέντε), and Lithuanian Penki, all of which meaning 'five' āb is cognate with Sanskrit áp ( अप्) and with the Av- of Avon. The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and was a translation of the Sanskrit name for the region, Panchanada, which means 'Land of the Five Rivers'.
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The word Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) has been derived from the word Panj-āb, Persian for 'Five Waters', referring to the five major eastern tributaries of the Indus River.
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It is the 11th most spoken language in India. Punjabi is spoken by 31.1 million people (as of 2011 ) and has official status in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the most spoken language in Pakistan. Punjabi is spoken by 80.5 million people in Pakistan (as of 2017). It is the most spoken language in Pakistan and the 11th most spoken language in India. Punjabi ( / p ʌ n ˈ dʒ ɑː b i/ Shahmukhi: پن٘جابی, Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, Punjabi pronunciation: ), sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language that is natively spoken by the Punjabi people in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India.